Definition and Examples of Senders in Communication

In the  communication process, the sender is the individual who initiates a message  and is also called the  communicator or source of communication. The sender might be a  speaker, a writer, or someone who merely gestures. The individual or the group of individuals who responds to the sender is called the receiver  or audience. In communication and speech theory, the reputation of the sender is important in providing credibility and validation to his or her statements and speech, but attractiveness and friendliness, too, play roles in a receivers interpretation of a senders message. From the  ethos  of the senders rhetoric to the  persona  he or she portrays, the senders role in communication sets not only the tone but the expectation of the conversation between the sender and the audience. In writing, though, the response is delayed and relies more on the senders reputation than image. Communication Process Every communication involves two key elements: the sender and the receiver, wherein the sender conveys an idea or concept, seeks information, or expresses a thought or emotion, and the receiver gets that message. In Understanding Management, Richard Daft and Dorothy Marcic explain how the sender can communicate by selecting symbols with which to compose a message. Then this tangible formulation of the idea is sent to the receiver, where it is decoded to interpret the meaning. As a result, being clear and concise as a sender is important to start the communication well, especially in written correspondence. Unclear messages carry with them a higher risk of being misinterpreted and eliciting a response from the audience that the sender did not intend. A.C. Buddy Krizan defines a senders key role in the communication process in Business Communication as including (a) selecting the type of message, (b) analyzing the receiver, (c) using the you-viewpoint, (d) encouraging feedback, and (e) removing communication barriers. Senders Credibility and Attractiveness A thorough analysis by the receiver of a senders message is imperative in conveying the right message and eliciting the desired results because the audiences evaluation of the speaker largely determines their reception of a given form of communication. Daniel J. Levi describes in Group Dynamics for Teams the idea of a good persuasive speaker as a  highly credible communicator, whereas a communicator with low credibility may cause the audience to believe the opposite of the message (sometimes called the boomerang effect). A college professor, he posits, may be an expert in his or her field, but the students might not consider him or her an expert in social or political topics. This idea of a speakers credibility based on perceived competence and character, sometimes called an ethos, was developed more than 2,000 years ago in ancient Greece, according to Deanna Sellnows Confident Public Speaking. Sellnow goes on to say that because listeners often have a difficult time separating the message from the sender, good ideas can easily be discounted if the sender does not establish ethos via content, delivery, and structure.

The Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse Essay - 1115 Words

Dependance on alcohol has been around ever since its creation and records of writing existed. From Biblical commandments clearly restricting the drink due to its destructive and addictive nature to the celebrities on tv screens and music devices glorifying the substance, alcohol has always been part of various cultures. Being the number one drug problem in the U.S with over 12 million people reportedly being alcoholics and of those 7 million being binge drinkers between the ages 12-20, it comes as no surprise that beneath its shiny and glamorous exterior, this drink comes with its set of problems (Alcohol Abuse Statistics.). In American society today many people think that being an alcoholic simply stems from laziness and the lack of will to â€Å"simply stop.† There is much more to this disorder than having one too many drinks at a bar that people are either ignorant to or just ignore for the sake of judging other individuals. Just like famous English philosopher,William Penn , said: â€Å"All excess is ill, but drunkenness is of the worst sort. It spoils health, dismounts the mind, and unmans men. It reveals secrets, is quarrelsome, lascivious, impudent, dangerous and mad.†( Alcoholism Quotes.). So with all these consequences associated with alcohol, why do people drink? What is alcoholism? Who does it affect? Why does it happen? How can it be solved? Dependance on alcohol, otherwise known as alcoholism is defined as a treatable chronic disease where your body becomesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On Alcohol882 Words   |  4 Pagesme is alcohol. I often notice underage adolescents drinking and I also distinguish how they become different people when intoxicated by alcohol. They begin to walk funny and they tend to slur their words, making it hard to comprehend anything they are saying. I have watched family members who were so inebriated that they could not even spell their own name or even pinpoint who they were. The questions I always ask myself when I see these drunk college kids is â€Å"Do these kids know the effects of alcoholismRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse942 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday around the world people fail to realize the effects alcohol abuse can have on themselves as well as their loved ones. Alcohol can be highly addictive, and plague an individual s life. Individuals who suffer from alcohol abuse go through various withdrawal symptoms when attempting to cease from drinking alcohol. There are various methods alcohol abusers to quit using alcohol. For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overcome with the perseveranceRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse941 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day around the world, people fail to realize the effects alcohol abuse can have on themselves as well as their loved ones. Alcohol is highly addictive, and can plague an individual s life. People who suffer from alcohol abuse go through various withdrawal symptoms when attempting to cease from drinking alcohol. There are various methods alcohol abusers to quit using alcohol. For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overcome with the perseveranceRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Abuse1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdoing things they should not. Alcohol is one of those things. Alcohol is extremely easy to get ahold of. It can be attained from anywhere; there are bars and liquor stores on every corner. One can get alcohol in grocery stores, gas stations, people can even brew it themselves if they know how. Alcohol that is commonly abused comes in a large variety ranging from weaker alcohols like wine and beer to stronger substances like tequila and vodka. When one abuses alcohol it taints the minds of even theRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse1965 Words   |  8 PagesAs of January 2015 alcohol related deaths were represented as accountable for approximat ely 6% of deaths worldwide. That is 3.3 million deaths from alcohol related car accidents to alcohol poisoning. The consumption of alcohol can be tied with being a factor in a variety of diseases, disabilities, tragedies, and crimes. An estimate of over 76 million people suffer from alcohol dependence and abuse. Consumption of alcohol can become a serious threat to personal and public health when an individualRead MoreEffects of Alcohol Abuse1616 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol abuse The term alcohol abuse in this case encompasses harmful use of alcohol and misuse of alcohol resulting from dependence. The experience of alcohol abuse can have far-reaching consequences on the family, the community, and the nation. According to NIDA, drug and substance abuse costs the nation $600 Billion every year. This cost factors in crime, healthcare, and lost productivity. Alcohol accounts for 40% of this cost. It is, therefore, necessary, within the context of the family, toRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Alcohol and Drug Abuse There may be some things that you don t know about the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on friends and family and how your friends and family may react to your choices. Having knowledge about alcohol and drug abuse, preventing toxic relationship with friends, and being informed about the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse can prevent the harmful use or consumption of drugs and alcohol. First and foremost, having knowledgeable information on the impact drugsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Family1518 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact this is having on her relationship with my mom and family. To say my step mom is an addict would truly be an understatement because of her need and crave for it each day. Unfortunately, alcohol abuse is not often taken serious and many people have a tough time understanding the effects of alcohol abuse on the entire family as opposed to just the abuser. Since Tina was a young age, she knew she was a lesbian and made it a point to hide this from her family and friends. She began to create aRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On Children1698 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The influence of alcohol advertising has been around for many years. People don’t understand the damage that alcohol abuse can cause and will cause if someone decides to start drinking on a regular. Often time’s people begin to drink because they are stressed and becomes a habit that one can no longer over come. Once down that road it is hard to recover, but if you are willing to recover there is always clinics and family that will help. Alcohol abuse and enslavement are enormous currentRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Body991 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse has become a growing problem in the U.S. today. Even though alcohol prevents certain illness and extends life, alcohol abuse needs to be controlled before it gets to out of hand because it has many negative effects on a person’s body, it can cause harm to children mentally and physically, and not only affects the person drinking it but the people around them. Alcohol abuse has many negative effects on the body. One way it affects the body is through the heart

Discrimination against women free essay sample

Discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. Is this true? Women work two-thirds of the world’s working hours and produce half of the world’s food, yet they only earn 10 per cent of the world’s income and own less than 1 per cent of the world’s property and only 12. 7 per cent of all parliamentary seats. These statistics show that women are still being discriminated throughout the globe and it is a wake-up call for everyone to the severity of this issue. Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudice treatment of different categories of people, in this case between female and male. A few areas where discrimination against women occurs globally are the dehumanising practices against women, women rape cases, and the glass ceiling in jobs for women. One area in which women are discriminated is that there are dehumanising practices against women. Dehumanising practices are acts that deny the â€Å"humanness† of a person, it occurs discursively, symbolically or physically. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination against women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women are abused both verbally and physically in many parts of the world, such as India and Africa. In 28 countries, ranging from east to west, there are cases of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), and it has absolutely no benefits for the women, and its main purpose is to deprive them of the pleasure of sex to ensure that they don’t cheat on their husbands. However, FGM brings about harmful side effects to the women’s bodies; which are bleeding and infections as well as complications to child-birth and all of which may lead to death. Women are the only one who undergoes this, men don’t need to do such things as women are viewed to be the weaker sex and are to be controlled. Dehumanising practices causes nothing but harm to women who experience it, and it is still practiced in various parts of the world, mostly in developing countries, and as such serves to support the point that discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. Another area which depicts that women are discriminated against is the numerous rape cases occurring throughout the world. Rape is defined as an instrument used by men to subjugate women, and as women are often seen as objects of desire, men desires them and uses rape to subjugate women. In India, rape and abuse of women is common, as the society is patriarchal. There are over 80,000 rape cases in India that are pending investigation, yet the police or the government have not made significant changes and efforts to resolve this problem. As seen from the above, there is evidence that people’s mind-set does not change easily. In the past, gender discrimination was a common occurrence throughout the world. Although most of the world have moved past gender discrimination, but there are still countries practicing gender discrimination, and it is not one or two, but big enough to make an impact on the world overall. Hence discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. One unseen source of discrimination against women is that there are glass ceilings in jobs for women. Although most societies have moved past gender discrimination, but there is still differences in treatment between men and women, no matter how small in society, and it is mostly observed in workplaces. As the level of authority and power in workplaces and jobs increase, it is observed that there are less and less women in these levels, only 12. 7 per cent of all parliamentary seats are claimed by women. Women finds it harder and harder to promote in workplaces, as there is an unseen glass ceiling that is hindering them, discrimination still prevails even after a few decades of the â€Å"removal of gender discrimination†, just that now it is more discreet and not that obvious. Hence, discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today.

Moralistic play Essay Example For Students

Moralistic play Essay The Inspector is the major device that Priestley uses to entertain and educate his audience. He uses him as a mouthpiece to portray his socialist philosophy to the audience. This is particularly shown when the Inspector delivers a final speech, which is rather like a sermon, before he departs. He states that One Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, indicating that there are many people like her who will need help. The use of common name Smith implies that the Christian ethics of Love thy neighbour applies to every person. He also lectures not only the family but also the audience that we are members of one body and we are responsible for each other, highlighting the central theme of responsibility. However, if this lesson is not learnt, then they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish. This preaching from the Inspector contrasts with Mr. Birlings speech at the beginning, when he foolishly educates Gerald and Eric that a man has to mind his own business and we are not part of a community and all that nonsense. Priestley cleverly structured these two speeches so that both the audience today and in 1945 would respond to the Inspectors socialist views, making Mr. Birling seem selfish and arrogant. Another way in which Priestleys message is expressed to the modern audience is through the other interpretations as shown in the play. As Priestley is interested in the concept of time, the Priestley Shorts production applies this idea by shifting the play between the modern times and the Edwardian period to show that the message is as relevant today as it was in 1946. The director uses matters that are present in the modern society, such as ambulances and colloquial language, to allow the audience to be able to relate to the play. When the Inspector leaves, they start to speculate whether the Inspector is real, making Mr. and Mrs. Birling rather excited and hoping that a scandal can be avoided. However, for Sheila and Eric it doesnt make any real difference. Sheila even attempts to argue against her parents about them being childish-not trying to face the facts. Her assertive attitude suggests she might have been influenced by the Suffragette Movement, which was a political movement in 1912 that demanded the right for women to vote and be respected equally by society. Through this, Priestley educates his audience to build a better society, with no gender or class divisions. A successful method that Priestley uses to educate his audience is by means of dividing the generations in the play. The familys suspicions about the Inspector are confirmed when Gerald returns to the house and they gradually discover that he was a hoax and no girl has died, releasing some of the tension and making Gerald and Mr. and Mrs. Birling become relaxed and begin to celebrate triumphantly. However, Sheila and Eric retain their fixed belief that everything we said had happened really had happened. Throughout the course of the play, the younger members of the family show that they are aware of the consequences of their action by accepting the blame and expressing sincere regrets and sympathy for Eva Smith. For instance, in Act One, Sheilas reaction to the news about Eva Smiths death is How horrible! The contrasting reactions of the younger and older members of the family links back to their response at the news about Eva Smith and to the Inspectors comment in Act Two, that the young people are more impressionable. As the older generation seems to be already fixed in its attitudes, the hope is left with the younger ones to improve the society by performing their moral duties towards the Eva Smiths and John Smiths. .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab , .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .postImageUrl , .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab , .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:hover , .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:visited , .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:active { border:0!important; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:active , .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueb61487f47640fd0a3f67b96ddc187ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare's Presentation of Isabella in Act 5 of the Play EssayTension and suspense are the other methods that Priestley uses to sustain the audiences interest. When Mr. Birling answers the telephone to discover that a girl has just diedand a police inspector is on his way here to ask some questions, the tension is restored very dramatically. This particular sequence is highly entertaining and educating as Priestley concludes the play leaving the characters and the audience with a final twist in the tale. This would be very dramatic on stage as we see the facial expressions and reactions of the characters at this unexpected revelation. As the curtain falls, they stare guiltily and dumbfounded, left to experience the events for the second time. By ending the play on a cliffhanger, the audience are left reflecting on the events of the play and its significance. Priestley skilfully structures the play with dramatic conclusions of each Act in order to maintain the audiences interest, leaving them anxious to see more. As one critic, Tim Bezant, states the audiences interest is sustainedby their desire to find out who, ultimately, was responsible for driving Eva to her suicide, in an almost whodunit mystery. An alteration to the ending of the play is shown in the 1954 film, where the Inspector does not leave until Mr. Birling answers the phone to be notified that a police inspector is on his way. In disbelief, he goes to the room but finds that the Inspector has disappeared. The producer entertains his audience by using the concept of a ghost or a ghoul, as the name Goole suggests, giving the audience a supernatural and ominous sense of some greater power at work. Priestley does not reveal the Inspectors identity to leave the audience with an element of mystery, allowing them to make predictions about the reality of the Inspector. However, one definite answer is that Priestley uses him as a dramatic device to increase the pace of the story and create tension and suspense, but most importantly, to educate and entertain, presenting his central theme of responsibility to the audience, as well as the characters, Public men, Mr. Birling, have responsibilities as well as privileges. It is apparent that in Act Three, and in the rest of the play, Priestley uses several different methods to articulate his message. Since an important message is represented, it signifies that An Inspector Calls is not only a murder mystery, given that Priestley uncovers the story of the death of Eva Smith, but also a moralistic play. He uses dramatic devices, such as the Inspector, to make the audience contemplate on the reality that they are members of one body and therefore responsible for one another. This applies to both the contemporary and the modern society, where people need to work together as a community and help those who are oppressed. After studying this play, I have realised that it had an effect on me as I found myself reflecting on the way I treat other people, considering Priestleys message that No man is an island (John Donne, English poet, 1571-1631)